Abrasion resistance test standard, technical requirement and improvement method of textile

1 . What is the abrasion resistance of textiles?

The abrasion of textile refers to the phenomenon that the fabric is gradually worn and damaged due to repeated friction between the textile or with other material, while the testing principle of textile abrasion resistance refers to the ability of textile to resist abrasion under the action of repeated friction of mechanical force.

In the process of use, the fabric will be affected by various external factors, especially the frequent friction with the objects around it, causing different degrees of abrasion and even damage to the textile, so that affecting its wearability.

Testing the abrasion resistance of textile can improve the utilization efficiency of textile and is an important index of textile product quality

The abrasion test of textiles is to make textiles under the action of repeated mechanical friction, which mainly includes breakage, quality relief, fading, pilling and so on.

2 . The standards of abrasion resistance of textiles

Different uses of the textile abrasion resistance requirements are not the same, the testing methods are also not the same. There are many kinds of testing methods for abrasion resistance, such as flat abrasion, curved abrasion, turning abrasion etc. The most commonly used one is flat abrasion.

There are the standards:

                    Martindale Abrasion Tester

3 . Evaluation methods for abrasion resistance of textile

The determination condition of sample damage are:

When there are below situations, it means the ending point also as sample damage:

• At least two separate yarns in woven fabrics have completely broken
• A fracture of a yarn in a knitted fabric, resulting in a hole in the appearance
• The pile on the surface of the raised or cut pile fabric is worn to the bottom of the dew or the pile tufts fall off
• Nonwovens with holes caused by friction shall have a diameter of at least 0.5mm
• The coated part of the coated fabric is damaged to expose the base cloth or the flaky coating falls off

The abrasion resistance of textile is generally analyzed and evaluated from three aspects: determination of sample damage, determination of mass loss and assessment of appearance change

4 . Factors affecting abrasion resistance of fabric and methods to improve

1> Textile Weave

The fabric structure determines the tightness and thickness , which has a significant impact on its abrasion resistance. The plain weave > twill weave > satin weave

2> The geometry of textiles

The thickness, warp and weft density, weight per unit area, apparent density and hairiness of the fabric, etc.
Generally speaking, the thicker the fabric, the higher the warp and weft density, the greater the weight per unit area, the higher the apparent density, and the higher the hair content, the better the abrasion resistance; On the contrary, abrasion resistance is poor.

3> Fiber types

Generally, the performance for abrasion resistance of the fiber is: chinlon > polypropylene fiber > vinylon > terylene > polyester > acrylic > nylon > acrylic > silk > cotton > hemp > polynosic > copper ammonia fiber > viscose fiber > acetate fiber > glass fiber

4> Fiber structure

From the perspective of fiber structure, the abrasion resistance of circular cross-section fiber is higher than that of special-shaped fiber. The finer the fiber, the worse the abrasion resistance. So in order to improve the abrasion resistance, we should try to choose the circular cross-section fiber with good abrasion resistance

5> Fabric finishing

Fabric finishing can affect the abrasion resistance, combining physical and chemical methods to give the fabric a specific performance of finishing. Such as protective finishing: waterproof, fire, mildew, oil, cold, prevent pilling